系统基础环境

PS1

• centos

PS1='\[\e[1;36m\][\t \[\e[1;33m\]\u\[\e[1;34m\]@\h\[\e[1;35m\]:\W\[\e[1;32m\]]\[\e[0m\]\$ '
PS1='[\[\e[1;33m\]\u\[\e[35m\]@\h \[\e[1;31m\]\W\[\e[1;32m\]]\[\e[0m\]\$ '
PS1='\[\e[31;1m\][\u@\h \W]\$ \[\e[0m\]'

推荐下面两个，好看
PS1='\[\e[1;36m\][\[\e[1;33m\]\u\[\e[1;34m\]@\h\[\e[1;35m\]:\W\[\e[1;32m\]]\$\[\e[0m\] '
PS1='\[\e[1;36m\][\t \[\e[1;33m\]\u\[\e[1;34m\]@\h\[\e[1;35m\]:\W\[\e[1;32m\]]\$\[\e[0m\] '

/etc/profile.d/env.sh

• ubuntu

PS1='\[\e[1;36m\][\[\e[1;33m\]\u\[\e[1;34m\]@\h\[\e[1;35m\]:\W\[\e[1;32m\]]\$\[\e[0m\] '
PS1='\[\e[1;36m\][\t \[\e[1;33m\]\u\[\e[1;34m\]@\h\[\e[1;35m\]:\W\[\e[1;32m\]]\$\[\e[0m\] '

.bashrc

vimrc

autocmd BufNewFile *.sh exec ":call ShellTitle()"
function ShellTitle()
    call append(0,"#!/bin/bash")
    call append(1,"# *************************************")
    call append(2,"# * 功能: Shell脚本模板")
    call append(3,"# * 作者: 刘丹玉")
    call append(4,"# * 联系: v649352141@163.com")
    call append(5,"# * 版本: ".strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))
    call append(6,"# *************************************")
endfunction
set tabstop=2
set shiftwidth=2
set expandtab
set number
set autoindent
set cursorline
set showmatch
syntax on
set background=dark

eth0,ip

/etc/default/grub
net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0

/etc/udev/rules.d/70.persistent-net.rules
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", ATTR{address}=="$mac_num", ATTR{type}=="1", NAME="eth0"

rocky: grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg
ubuntu: grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

[root@Rocky9-12 ~]# cat /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/eth0.nmconnection
[connection]
id=eth0
uuid=30af1819-8398-3bb4-9861-103bdbbc26b8
type=ethernet
autoconnect-priority=-999
interface-name=eth0
timestamp=1745834507

[ethernet]

[ipv4]
method=manual
address1=10.0.0.12/24,10.0.0.2
dns=10.0.0.2;

[ipv6]
addr-gen-mode=default
method=auto

[proxy]

[root@ubuntu24-13:~]# cat /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml
# This file is generated from information provided by the datasource.  Changes
# to it will not persist across an instance reboot.  To disable cloud-init's
# network configuration capabilities, write a file
# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:
# network: {config: disabled}
network:
    version: 2
    renderer: networkd
    ethernets:
        eth0:
            addresses:
              - 10.0.0.13/24
            routes:
              - to: default
                via: 10.0.0.2
            nameservers:
               search:
               - baidu.com
               addresses: [ 8.8.8.8,129.19.19.19,233.6.6.6]

防火墙,selinux,ufw

systemctl disable --now ufw

systemctl disable --now firewalld
[root@Rocky9-12:~]# getenforce
Enforcing


vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

sudo sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

设置主机名

hostnamectl set-hostname Rocky9-12
hostnamectl set-hostname Rocky9-15
hostnamectl set-hostname Rocky9-18

hostnamectl set-hostname ubuntu24-13
hostnamectl set-hostname ubuntu24-16
hostnamectl set-hostname ubuntu24-19

设置时区

timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

终端语言英文

localectl set-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8

cat >/etc/locale.conf<<-eof
LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ALL="en_US.UTF-8"
eof

yum install -y glibc-langpack-en

24小时制

修改/etc/default/locale文件，默认没有LC_TIME这个变量，
在文件中增加一行LC_TIME=en_DK.UTF-8
退出终端重新登录即可生效

[root@ubuntu24-16:~]# vim /etc/default/locale
[root@ubuntu24-16:~]# cat /etc/default/locale
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_TIME=en_DK.UTF-8
[root@ubuntu24-16:~]# exit
logout

退出终端重新登录即可生效

[root@ubuntu24-16:~]# date
Sun May  4 20:14:15 CST 2025
[root@ubuntu24-16:~]# date -R
Sun, 04 May 2025 20:16:00 +0800

官网:https://www.rockylinux.cn/notes/rocky-linux-9-pei-zhi-shi-jian-tong-bu-fu-wu-chrony.html
# 当前时间显示格式
[root@openEuler-14 ~]# date
Sun May  4 07:55:42 PM CST 2025
[root@openEuler-14 ~]# localectl
System Locale: LANG=en_US.UTF-8
    VC Keymap: us
   X11 Layout: us


# 设置时间本地化格式显示
[root@openEuler-14 ~]#localectl set-locale LC_TIME=C.UTF-8
# 重启生效


# 验证是否设置成功
[root@openEuler-14 ~]# localectl
System Locale: LANG=en_US.UTF-8
               LC_TIME=C.UTF-8
    VC Keymap: us
   X11 Layout: us


# 退出登录
[root@openEuler-14 ~]# exit
logout


# 重新登录查看时间，已经修改为 24 小时制
[root@openEuler-14 ~]# date
Sun May  4 19:56:42 CST 2025

时间显示英文调整为中文

# 当前时间格式为英文
[root@ntp-client ~]# date
Wed May 22 16:24:20 CST 2024
[root@ntp-client ~]# cat /etc/locale.conf 
LC_TIME=C.UTF-8

 
# 安装中文语言包
[root@ntp-client ~]# dnf install -y langpacks-zh_CN
# 确保中文语言包安装成功
[root@ntp-client ~]# locale -a | grep zh_CN
zh_CN
zh_CN.gb18030
zh_CN.gbk
zh_CN.utf8

 
# 修改语言为 zh_CN.utf8
[root@ntp-client ~]# localectl set-locale LANG=zh_CN.utf8
# 验证是否设置成功
[root@ntp-client ~]# cat /etc/locale.conf 
LANG=zh_CN.utf8

 
# 设置时间本地化格式显示
[root@ntp-client ~]# localectl set-locale LC_TIME=zh_CN.UTF-8
# 验证是否设置成功
[root@ntp-client ~]# localectl
System Locale: LANG=zh_CN.utf8
               LC_TIME=zh_CN.UTF-8
    VC Keymap: cn
   X11 Layout: cn

 
# 退出登录
[root@ntp-client ~]# exit
logout

 
# 重新登录查看时间，已经为中文格式显示。
[root@ntp-client ~]# date
2024年 05月 22日 星期三 17:54:32 CST

rocky更新源

sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' \
    -e 's|^#baseurl=http://dl.rockylinux.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux|g' \
    -i.bak \
    /etc/yum.repos.d/rocky-*.repo

dnf makecache

Rocky9

sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' \
    -e 's|^#baseurl=http://dl.rockylinux.org/$contentdir|baseurl=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rocky|g' \
    -i.bak \
    /etc/yum.repos.d/rocky-extras.repo \
    /etc/yum.repos.d/rocky.repo

Rocky8

sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' \
    -e 's|^#baseurl=http://dl.rockylinux.org/$contentdir|baseurl=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/rocky|g' \
    -i.bak \
    /etc/yum.repos.d/Rocky-AppStream.repo \
    /etc/yum.repos.d/Rocky-BaseOS.repo \
    /etc/yum.repos.d/Rocky-Extras.repo \
    /etc/yum.repos.d/Rocky-PowerTools.repo

epel源

dnf install -y epel-release
sed -e 's|^metalink=|#metalink=|g' \
         -e 's|^#baseurl=https\?://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/|baseurl=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/epel/|g' \
         -e 's|^#baseurl=https\?://download.example/pub/epel/|baseurl=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/epel/|g' \
         -i.bak \
         /etc/yum.repos.d/epel{,-testing}.repo

ubuntu源

/etc/apt/sources.list

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# 以下安全更新软件源包含了官方源与镜像站配置，如有需要可自行修改注释切换
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

sed -i.bak \
  -e 's|http[s]*://.*archive\.ubuntu\.com/ubuntu|https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu|g' \
  -e 's|http[s]*://.*security\.ubuntu\.com/ubuntu|https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu|g' \
  /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources &>/dev/null && apt update

使用阿里云源
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main universe
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates restricted multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main universe
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports restricted multiverse

禁用 swap

sed -i.bak '/swap/d' /etc/fstab

优化ssh连接速度

sed -i '/^GSSAPIAuthentication/s@^@#@g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
cat >>/etc/ssh/sshd_config<<EOF
UseDNS no #相当于网络命令的-n选项.
GSSAPIAuthentication no #关闭GSS认证.
EOF

systemctl restart sshd

#检查
egrep '^(GSSAPIAuthentication|UseDNS)'  /etc/ssh/sshd_config

==安装Linux常用工具==

生产实践：基于最小化安装的系统建议安装下面相关包

# 自动挂载光盘
yum -y install autofs
systemctl enable --now autofs
# 访问
lsblk
ls /misc/cd

# 在安装或升级软件包之前,建议先执行apt update命令,以确保获取到最新的软件包信息
apt update
# 最小化安装常用工具
yum -y tmux man-pages strace
# 安装Linux常用工具
yum -y install tree vim wget lrzsz psmisc wget tcpdump ftp rsync lsof
yum -y install net-tools sysstat iotop iftop htop zip unzip bzip2 nc nmap telnet bc 
yum -y install psmisc httpd-tools bind-utils nethogs expect
# 终端复用器软件就是会话与窗口的“解绑”工具
yum -y install epel-release
yum -y install screen
# 命令补全
yum -y install bash-completion

# 安装linux娱乐工具
yum install -y sl cowsay

装机必备软件【装机必备软件】

# 系统监控和诊断工具
sysstat iotop pcp-system-tools
# 网络
net-tools freerdp tcpdump telnet nmap mtr nmap-ncat
# 文件系统与磁盘
lsof xfsdump strace boom-boot smartmontools
# 系统管理
yum-utils tmux psmisc rsync
# 日志
rsyslog sos
# 调试和分析
strace perf valgrind bcc-tools

这些软件的含义、用途以及在Ubuntu和RHEL中的应用情况：

适用于 Ubuntu 的软件列表

适用于 RHEL 的软件列表

一条命令:star::star::star:

yum -y install autofs bash-completion bcc-tools bc bind-utils boom-boot bzip2 epel-release expect ftp freerdp gcc git httpd-tools iotop jq libxml2 lrzsz lsof make man-pages mtr nc net-tools nmap nmap-ncat pcp-system-tools perf psmisc rsrslog rsync smartmontools sos strace sysstat tcpdump telnet tmux tree unzip valgrind vim wget xfsdump yum-utils zip


screen iftop htop nethogs screen sl cowsay  

apt -y install autofs bash-completion bc bzip2 cowsay expect ftp gcc git htop iftop iotop jq libxml2 lrzsz lsof make mtr nethogs net-tools nmap psmisc rsync rsyslog screen sl strace smartmontools sysstat tcpdump telnet tmux tree unzip valgrind vim wget xfsdump zip

历史记录

# 查看当前历史记录
history

# 清空当前会话的历史记录（内存中的记录）
history -c

# 可选：立即写入文件（防止重启后恢复）
history -w

解决ubuntu开机报错问题

Ubuntu24-19 login: [FAILED] Failed to start udisks2.service - Disk Manager.
See 'systemctl status udisks2.service' for details.
[  OK  ] Finished e2scrub_all.service - Onl…Metadata Check for All Filesystems.
[  OK  ] Finished sysstat-collect.service - system activity accounting tool.
[  OK  ] Started ModemManager.service - Modem Manager.
[  OK  ] Started systemd-timedated.service - Time & Date Service...
[  OK  ] Started systemd-timedated.service - Time & Date Service.
[  OK  ] Finished snapd.seeded.service - Wait until snapd is fully seeded.
[  OK  ] Listening on systemd-rfkill.socket - Load/Save RF Kill Switch Status /dev/rfkill Watch.
[  OK  ] Starting systemd-rfkill.service - Load/Save RF Kill Switch Status...
[  OK  ] Reached target bluetooth.target - Bluetooth Support.
[  OK  ] Started systemd-rfkill.service - Load/Save RF Kill Switch Status.
[  OK  ] Reached target sound.target - Sound Card.
[ 440.974998] Bluetooth: hci0: unexpected cc 0x0c12 length: 2 < 3
[ 440.974939] Bluetooth: hci0: Opcode 0x0c12 failed: -38
[FAILED] Failed to start snapd.service - Snap Daemon.
See 'systemctl status snapd.service' for details.
[  OK  ] Reached target multi-user.target - Multi-User System.
[  OK  ] Reached target graphical.target - Graphical Interface.
[  OK  ] Started snapd.failure.service - Failure handling of the snapd snap...
[  OK  ] Starting systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service - Record Runlevel Change in UTMP...
[  OK  ] Finished systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service - Record Runlevel Change in UTMP.
[  OK  ] Finished snapd.failure.service - Failure handling of the snapd snap.

#apt install --reinstall snapd udisks2
groupadd power
reboot

endl